Energy efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

During past years, great progress has been achieved in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In most cases the nodes in WSNs rely on batteries instead of having a steady power supply. Also, in many occasions they are placed locations difficult to be reached, which makes it difficult to replace or recharge their batteries. Due to these various factors, the primary hurdle in implementing such a network lies in the reduction of energy usage to prolong the lifespan of the network. In a WSN, a substantial amount of energy is expended when data are forwarded between nodes or to the Base Station. Thus, the optimal way to mitigate energy usage in WSNs is by incorporating energy-conserving routing strategies. This thesis focuses on protocols that have been proposed for energy efficient routing in WSNs. Specifically, LEACH protocol, which is a pioneer protocol of this kind along with some of its successors are analytically presented. Next, a comparison among these protocols is carried out. For this reason simulation test are executed in MATLAB environment. Finally, a novel protocol, named T-LEACH with sas, is proposed. Its performance is evaluated comparatively to that of other similar protocols via simulation tests. Finally, concluding remarks are drawn. In Chapter 1, an introduction to WSNs is made. In Chapter 2, a detailed presentation of the classification of the energy efficient routing protocols is performed highlighting the four major categories and many other subcategories. In Chapter 3, a detailed description of LEACH protocol which is the pioneer hierarchical routing protocol, and its successors is carried out. In Chapter 4, techniques meticulously designed to prolong the lifespan and enhance the efficiency of sensor nodes are examined. In Chapter 5, an extensive network simulator survey takes place. Specifically, the intricate tapestry of tools and technologies that underpin modern network simulations, is thoroughly described. In Chapter 6, a novel energy efficient routing protocol is proposed. Its performance is compared through simulation tests against that of LEACH and some of its successors. Finally in Chapter 7, a synopsis of the work carried out is performed. Additionally, concluding remarks are made while future research challenges are presented.